Marae are the spiritual and cultural hubs of Māori communities, serving as places of gathering, learning, and connection. Across Aotearoa, the number and distribution of marae vary, with some iwi having significantly higher concentrations. But why is this the case? The answer lies in the deep history of Māori settlement, migration, and community building.
Iwi with the Most Marae in New Zealand
Some iwi have a higher number of marae due to their historical settlements, strong community structures, and ongoing cultural preservation. The iwi with the most marae include:
1. Waikato-Tainui
Waikato-Tainui has one of the highest concentrations of marae, largely due to its strong historical ties to the Kiingitanga (Māori King Movement). The region’s fertile land and access to major waterways made it a significant settlement area, leading to the development of many marae over time. Today, Waikato-Tainui marae continue to play a central role in tribal affairs, hosting major political and cultural events.
2. Ngāpuhi (Te Tai Tokerau)
Ngāpuhi, the largest iwi in New Zealand, has an extensive number of marae spread throughout the Northland region. The early arrival of Polynesian ancestors and the subsequent establishment of strong hapū (sub-tribes) meant that marae became a cornerstone of community life. Today, Ngāpuhi marae continue to uphold tikanga Māori, acting as places of learning, governance, and whānau connection.
3. Ngāti Porou (Te Tairāwhiti)
Ngāti Porou has a high number of marae due to the deep cultural roots of the iwi along the East Coast. The rugged terrain and relative isolation meant that small, tightly knit communities developed, each establishing its own marae as a place of unity, governance, and cultural continuity. Ngāti Porou marae remain key in maintaining the iwi’s strong traditions and identity.
4. Te Arawa
Te Arawa iwi, based in Rotorua and the surrounding areas, have numerous marae, many of which serve not just local whānau but also visitors who come to experience Māori culture firsthand. With a strong history of tourism and cultural performances, Te Arawa marae have long been central to sharing Māori heritage with the world. These marae continue to be a focal point for iwi development, education, and hosting manuhiri (guests).
5. Ngāti Kahungunu
Ngāti Kahungunu, whose rohe (tribal region) stretches from the Wairarapa to Hawke’s Bay and Wairoa, has many marae due to the iwi’s historically large population and strong leadership in trade and governance. Ngāti Kahungunu marae serve as places for maintaining tribal knowledge, supporting economic growth, and upholding cultural traditions.
6. Ngāi Tahu
Ngāi Tahu, the principal iwi of the South Island, has a number of marae that are strategically located across their vast rohe. Given the historical dispersal of their people, Ngāi Tahu marae play an essential role in keeping whānau connected, preserving history, and supporting the iwi’s economic and cultural aspirations.
Why Are There More Marae in Certain Iwi Regions?
The density of marae in particular iwi regions is closely linked to Māori settlement patterns, natural resources, and historical movements. Iwi with large populations or strong tribal structures naturally have more marae, as they were built to serve communities both in the past and present. Additionally, some iwi saw significant Māori resistance during colonial times, leading to the strengthening of tribal identities and the continued importance of marae as places of political and cultural resilience.
The History of Marae: Why and When They Were Built
Marae have been central to Māori society for hundreds of years. The origins of marae can be traced back to early Polynesian ancestors who established communal meeting spaces as part of their settlements. When Māori arrived in Aotearoa, these communal spaces evolved into the marae as we know them today.
The Era of Marae Construction
Marae began to be widely built during the pre-colonial period as Māori established strong iwi and hapū structures. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, as colonial pressures increased, marae took on an even greater role in protecting Māori identity and sovereignty.
- Pre-Colonial Period – Marae were built as places for governance, ceremonies, and everyday communal life. The wharenui (meeting house) represented ancestral connections, and the surrounding structures served social and economic functions.
- Colonial Era (1800s–1900s) – As land was taken through confiscation and the impact of colonisation deepened, marae became safe havens for Māori culture, language, and political movements. They were places where whānau could come together, discuss important matters, and strengthen their identity.
- Modern Era – Today, marae continue to serve as cultural strongholds. While some have adapted to contemporary uses—such as hosting corporate groups, educational programs, and community events—their core purpose remains the same: to uphold Māori values, traditions, and whakapapa (genealogy).
The Enduring Heart of Māori Culture
Across Aotearoa, marae continue to be an essential part of Māori life. The iwi with the highest number of marae reflect the strength and resilience of their people, ensuring that Māori traditions and values are upheld for generations to come.
If you’re looking to experience the warmth and manaakitanga of a marae, consider booking a stay through Marae Bookings Online. Whether for cultural immersion, team-building, or learning, a marae visit offers a unique insight into the rich heritage of Aotearoa.